Improvement in rendering apparatus



2 Sh t-Sh t1; c.1. EVERETT. "9 e6 I Rendering Apparatus.v

No. 52,640. Patented Feb-13, 1866.

v Witnesses: lnve'nton AM. PHDTO-LITHOCO. N-Y. (OSEORNE'S PROCESS.)

' 2 Sh t-Sh t2. 0.1. EVERETT. 868 Be Rendering Apparatus. No. 52,640. VPatented Feb. 13, 1866 W|tnesses= Inventor,

AM. P HOTO-LITND. C0-N.Y. (USEORN E'S PROCESS.)

CHARLES J. EVERETT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO LOGKWOOD &

EVERETT.

IMPROVEMENT IN RENDERING APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,640, dated February13, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Beitknown that I, CHARLES J. EVERETT, of the city and county of NewYork, and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Rendering Apparatus; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of thisspecification, in which- Figure l is a front elevation of an apparatusand furnace; Fig. 2, a vertical section of such an apparatus and furnacewith my improvements appliedthereto; and Fig. 3 is a vertical sectionthrough the bottom part of the digester shown in Fig. 2, andillustratesa further improvement applied to said apparatus.

My invention consists in certain improvements in rendering-tanks, which,for the purpose of more fully illustrating, I will describe as appliedto the invention of one Carroll E. Gray, for which Letters Patent of theUnited States were granted to him on the 31st day of January, 1865, andwhich were reissued to said Gray on the 8th day of August, 1865, andwhich Letters Patent have been duly assigned to myself and one RadcliffB. Lockwood, of the city, county, and State of New York, and in whichLetters Patent the said Gray describes his said invention, its uses,objects, and advantages, as distinguished from other apparatuses forsimilar purposes, and to which reference is here made to show how farsaid Grays improvements in said apparatus extend and where myimprovements begin in their application to this apparatus.

The drawings hereunto annexed give an exact copy of the drawing annexedto the patent of said Gray, with my improvements added thereto.

It will be seen by reference to the'said reissued patent of said Graythat he provides means for carrying the noxious gases and vapors issuingfrom said digester during the operations of rendering to the furnaceunder said digester for consumption, to avoid the nuisance which arisesfrom said gases and vapors when allowed to escape into the atmosphere.But in the practical operation of this apparatus it is to and necessary,after the fat has been sufficiently cooked or rendered, to draw the firefrom under the digester to allow the fat to cool somewhat previous todrawing it off, so that the noxious gases and vapors which pass off fromthe digester after the fire has been withdrawn escape into the furnaceunconsumed, occasioning an exceedingly offensive and noxious odor in theestablishment. And, moreover, the furnace under the digester is not welladapted to receive a superheating device to prepare the gas forconsumption, for if a coil of pipe be placed in the fire of the furnaceit soon burns out. If it be placed behind fire-brick it is not hotenough, and the furnace is not high enough to admit of its being placedover the fire, and if it did it would be of no use after the fire iswithdrawn. The provision, then, in Grays apparatus for consuming thegases and vapors is not perfect.

To supply a remedy for this imperfection or defect in the apparatus ofGray and in other apparatus for a similar purpose is one of the objectsof my invention. This object I accomplish by the use of a separate gasconsumer and superheater, (shown in the drawings by 1,) and which I makein the form of a cylinder, as shown in the drawings, or of such otherform and proportions as will best accomplish my object. In this consumerI arrange grate-bars, upon which I construct a furnace,as shown by 4, bythe use of fire-brick or soapstone, with which I line the cylinder,substantially in the manner shown.

In the upper part of this consumer I arrange a coil of pipe, as shown by2, the upper end whereof I connect to the discharge-pipe J ,leading tothe digester, and the lower end whereof I connect to a pipe, 8, leadingdown through the fire-brick in the ash1pit, where it turns up andterminates in afunnel-shaped end,as shown by 3. By this arrangement ofdevices, and their application to the furnace, the gases, steam,

and vapors, as they pass from the digester through the coil over thefurnace, are highly superheated, and as they pass from the nozzle of thepipe they are carried by the draft of the furnace through the fire, whenthey are thoroughly consumed, while at the same time they aid insuperheating the vapors and gases issuing from the digester. Theconsumer should be placed in some convenient position near the digester,in easy communication with the chimney, and should be supplied with alarge pipe fitted with a damper, that a rapid draft may be obtained whennecessary.

111 place of the coil to superheat the vapor a drum may be used; but Iprefer the coil, as being cheapest, safest, and best adapted to the endsought after.

The consumer is fitted with a door, (shown in dotted lines by 5,)through which fuel is supplied, and the ash-pit is also fitted with adoor, (shown by 6,) by which the supply ofair is regulated.

After the apparatus has been once put in operation very little air isrequired to support combustion in the furnace, as the oxygen necessaryfor this purpose will be supplied by the superheated gas and vaporflowing from the digester through the ndzzle under the grate-bars. Thesteam, vapo1',:and gas from the tank might be introduced into the firedirectly from the digester and in a great measure consumed, provided thefurnace contained a fire ofgreat intensity, as in such cases thewatervapor is decomposed by the fire, the oxygen uniting with the fuel,and the hydrogen burning up with a blaze; but if the fire in that caseshould happen to be low, the water-vapor would put it out, and thenoxious gases would escape uneonsumed, so that it will not be safe todispense with a superheater and rely upon this method.

in the practical operation of the aforesaid apparatus of Gray itis foundto be impossible to crisp or dry the scrap after the rendering iscompleted, owing to the absence of sufiicient heat to drive out thewater in the case of drying the scrap, or to heat the fat in the caseofcrisping it, so that in this respeet,'also, the apparatus of Gray isimperfect.

' To cure this defect is another object of this invention, which objectI propose to accomplish by either of the following methodsthat is tosay, by fitting the digester with a coil of pipe, (shown by 7,) andcoverin git with a perforated false bottom, (shown by 10,) and byconnecting one end of this coil, by means of a pipe, 9, to the lower endof the coil 2, and by connecting the other end of the coil 7, by meansof a pipe, 11, to the lower end of the pipe 8, and by fitting thesepipes with cocks, as shown in the drawings, so as to turn thesuperheated gas and vapor out of the coil 2 into the coil 7, and fromthence deliver it under the grate-bars for consumption. By these meansadditional heat can be obtained inthe tank to drive off the water anddry the scrap after the fat has been withdrawn, or to crisp itby'raising the temperature of the fat to the necessary degree. The pipesconnecting these coils, when they pass through the water-space of thedigester, should be fitted with nuts and screws, so as to form a waterand steam tight union-joint in the usual way, or the pipes may beprovided with a thread and simply screwed through the shell of thedigester and on the outside of the wathrough the water-space into thechimney, the

lower end of the pipe 12 being fitted with a damper to exclude the heatof the furnace when not required in the digester, the heat passing fromthe furnace under the digest-er through this coil into the chimney whenthe time comes to crisp or dry the scrap, as aforesaid.

In the practical operation of the aforesaid apparatus of said Gray it isfound that the steam and vapor, which holds in solution a large amountof the noxious gases, is condensed against the upper or uncovered partof the digester, above the water-jacket, and falls back again into thefat, where it has again to be evaporated and the noxious gases haveagain to be driven out of the fat. To overcome this objection I propose.to carry the water and steam jacket all the way around the digester, soas to completely envelop it with a sheet of hot water and steam, asindicated by the red lines 00 m, Fig. 2.

The said apparatus of said Gray is defective also in the deodorizer M,which, indeed, can scarcely be called a deodorizer at all, inasmuch asit does not contain anyproper deodorizing or disinfecting material. Thesaid Gray says he fills his deodorizer with lime or plaster andcharcoal. These substances placed in his chamber make a very goodfilter, butthey do not decompose the noxious gases, and cannot thereforedeodorize or disinfect them, which can be done only by decomposition.Lime and plaster take up some of the noxious vapors, but not enough torender them inofi'ensive or to be classed among the disinfectants ordeodorizers.

7 To remedy this defect I propose to use chloride of lime or of soda, ortheir chemical equivalents, for this purpose, for filling thedeodorizing-chamber with, by which a perfect decomposition of the gasesis obtained, and by'which they are complwely deodorized and disinfected,mixing some charcoal with the chlorides to keep them dry and loose.

I have shown and described these improvements as applied to theinvention of said Gray, as some of them are applicable only to that kindof an apparatus but the gas and vapor superheater and burner and thedeodorizer are equally applicable to other apparatus for rendering andrefining fatty or other oleaginous matter, or indeed to any apparatuswhere noxious gases or vapors are driven off; and so,

too, with that feature of the inven tion compris ing the entireenveloping of the tank or digester with the steam or water jacket, so asto entirely avoid condensation in the digester.

Rendering-tanks have hitherto been made with steam-jackets covering partof their surface; but I am not aware that any has been made entirelyenveloped with the steam-jacket, so as to avoid condensation in thedigester altogether. Such a digester may be made and covered with somenon-conducting material, to prevent radiation of heat from the jacket,and used by itself with great success, steam being introduced into thejacket from a boiler, after the old method, or water may be put in itand fire applied, after the method of Gray.

I therefore intend to claim these features of the invention, not asimprovements upon 'Grays apparatus, but as an improvement drawntherefrom, by the use of a separate consuming-furnace connected to or incommunication therewith.

2. The use of a superheater, in combination with said consuming-furnace,and in connection with the apparatus, for the purpose speci;

3. Passing the superheated steam, gas, or vapor through a coil of pipeplaced in the digester, for the purpose of raising the temperature inthe digester and to dry or crisp the scrap, as set forth.

4. Carrying the heat directly from the furnace through a coil of pipeplaced in the digester, and so arranged as to discharge in the chimney,making said coil 9.- flue from the furnace to the chimney, for thepurpose of raising the temperature of the digester and to crisp or drythe scrap, as set forth. 5. Avoiding the condensation of the noxiousvapors and gases against the uncovered part of the digester by carryingthe steam and water jacket all the way around it, so as'to entirelyenvelop the digester, as set forth.

6. I do not claim the deodorizer as such; but I claim the use of adeodorizer filled with chloride of lime, or its chemical equivalents,for this purpose, in combination with a digester, for rendering andrefining lard, tallow, and other fatty or oleaginous matter, for thepurpose of deodorizin g and disinfecting the noxious gases as they issuetherefrom.

CHAS. J. EVERETT.

Witnesses:

AMOS BROADNAX, RADCLIFF B. LOCKWOOD.

